By Lindon BristolTran's fat, a type of fat found in fried foods and processed foods such as cookies, crackers, and donuts, may be worse for the heart than saturated fats, according to a new study. Because the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) does not currently require information about trans fats on food labels, many Americans do not know how much Trans fat they consume. The study found that Tran's fat reduces blood vessel function and lowers HDL ("good") cholesterol levels more than saturated fat. According to the Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI), providing labelling information on Tran's fats could prevent between 2,100 and 5,600 heart disease-related deaths each year.
Tran's fats (also called Trans fatty acids) are created by hydrogenation, a process that converts liquid vegetable oils to solid fats at room temperature. This process helps preserve shelf life of foods such as cookies and crackers. Hydrogenation became popular in the 1960s after experts confirmed that animal-based saturated fats increase the risk of heart disease. Many fast food restaurants even stopped cooking French fries in saturated fat and now use hydrogenated vegetable oil (Tran's fat) instead. However, recent research shows that Tran's fats also increase the risk of heart disease.
These studies on Tran's fats was conducted by Dr. Nicole M. de Roos and her colleagues from Wageningen University in The Netherlands and published in Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. The study consisted of 29 healthy, non-smoking adults who were given a four-week diet containing 9.2% of total calories from Tran's fat. The Trans fat diet was followed by another four-week diet containing 9.2% of total calories from saturated fats. After each diet, Dr. de Roos and her colleagues analyzed the effects on blood vessel function. Poor blood vessel dilation can increase the risk for heart disease.
When the researchers compared the effects of both diets they found that the Trans fat diet reduced blood vessel function 29% more than the saturated fat diet while HDL ("good") cholesterol levels were 21% lower with the Trans fat diet than with the saturated fat diet. This led Dr. de Roos and her colleagues to conclude that Tran's fats could raise heart disease risk even more than saturated fats (though saturated fats are still bad for the heart too).
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